The Cojuangco Fortune came from the First Philippine Republic Revo Funds???

Medyo matagal nang usap-usapan ng ilan ito. Sa pondo ba ng Unang Republika ng Pilipinas galing ang yaman ng mga Cojuangco? Larry Henares writes in his December 1987 article "From Do'a Ysidra came the Cojuangco fortune" that:

....Gen. Antonio Luna, as chief of staff of the revolutionary army, had collected a sizeable sum from contributions with which to pay his soldiers. The person who collected for him was Tiburcio Hilario, Pampanga governor. Hilario's granddaughter, Ambassador Rafaelita Hilario Soriano, relates that her grandfather kept the gold and silver in sacks, including gold plates, chalices and other church treasures taken from Bacolor, San Fernando and Guagua.

     After losing an encounter at Sto. Tomas, Pampanga, Luna ordered Hilario to bring the valuables to Tarlac, where the revolutionary government planned to establish its capital.

     General Luna, so the story goes, then turned over the treasure to Ysidra Cojuangco, Melecio’s sister then an attractive 32 year old woman, for safe-keeping. The Luna proceed to Cabanatuan to meet with Aguinaldo, and was assassinated.

     Why did the Ilocano general entrust Ysidra with the treasure? Rumors had it that she was his sweetheart and lover, and trusted her to keep the treasure till he returned.

     Ysidra Cojuangco bore a child out of wedlock, and it was suspected that General Antonio Luna was the father.

Even the biographical book on the late former President Corazon Cojuangco Aquino alludes to the relationship between Ysidra (Isidra) Cojuangco and "a revolutionary general" who is none other than Gen. Luna.

You judge, readers. By the way, in commemoration of the 25 Years of EDSA 1, said by a number to be more of a scourge than a blessing, you might want to read this book about Cory for free in its entirety.


Here's the book "Cory--profile of a president" (Brandern Books, 1987)  by Isabelo Crisostomo. Go to page 8 ( or search for "Isidra Cojuangco") for the part about Isidra Cojuangco y Estrella, the aunt of the former President's father and unacknowledged paramour of Gen. Luna.






Photo credits:

http://filipinoforum.net/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=4852
http://philippine-revolution.110mb.com/luna_a.htm
http://www.obsidianportal.com/campaign/old-skool-gamers-sow-campaign/wikis/treasure-earned 

THE FAMILY TREE OF CORAZON COJUANGCO AQUINO.
http://blog.cathcath.com/the-family-tree-of-corazon-cojuangco-aquino-6738.html

Reference:

Henares, Larry. From Do'a Ysidra came the Cojuangco fortune.http://www.philippinefolio.com/contdetail.php?id=17&id_app2=203&id_app3=01058

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Reposts are licensed to the respective authors. Otherwise, posts by Jesusa Bernardo are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Philippines.

Census of the Philippine Islands taken under the direction of the (American-colonial era) Philippine Legislature in the year 1918, Volume 1

********


THIS free full view online book offers a wealth of data about the Philippines as of 1918. Covers geography, histology, and climatology. May konting estadistika rin sa populasyon. Covers some 46 provinces and 2 cities (Manila and Baguio).

The American colonial era census book (first part) lists Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Negros, Palawan, Panay, Mindoro, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, Masbate, Sulu grouop, and Romblon group as the principal islands, with the "unnamed islangs [being] small unimportant mangrove or rocky islets." It also lists the many ports of our archipelago. There are 61 maps covering the political, relief, and forest divisions of the Philippine/Taga-Ilog Islands, provinces, province in halves, subprovinces, and cities.


Tandaan ang konteksto ng Panahon ng Amerikano. Mahalaga para sa Kalbong Agila ang LIKAS ng YAMAN ng ating bayan. Kaya nga tayo ninakawan ng kalayaan ng imperyalistang Estados Unidos eh.

Ang pakay ng Amerika ay imperyalismo para sa kapitalismo. Ating likas na yaman lupa/tubig/mineral, atbp. at merkado ng yari nang mga produkto.

"No land in America surpasses in fertility the plains and valleys of Luzon. Rice and coffee, sugar and coconuts, hemp and tobacco, and many products of the temperate as well as the tropic zone grow in various sections of the archipelago....The wood of the Philippines can supply the furniture of the world for a century to come. At Cebu the best informed man in the island told me that 40 miles of Cebu's mountain chain are practically mountains of coal..."

    - Sen. Alfred J. Beveridge

http://books.google.com/books?id=TXE73VWcsEEC&pg=PA9&dq=philippine-american+war+%22first+vietnam%22&hl=en&ei=FoBMTfaUNMjorAfgnYzZBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=in%20fertility%20the%20plains%20and%20valleys%20of%20Luzon.&f=false


Anyway, just try to read between the lines when the book describes our people from the slant of the racist imperialists (yes, co-authored by Filipinos na Federalista! lol).

But enjoy looking at the history of your or your parents' provinces. Cheers!




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From Google Books:

Title Census of the Philippine Islands taken under the direction of the Philippine Legislature in the year 1918, Volume 1

Authors Philippines. Census Office, Ignacio Villamor, Felipe Buencamino
Publisher Bureau of printing, 1920
Original from the University of California
http://books.google.com/books?id=BZ8wAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false



Reposts are licensed to the respective authors. Otherwise, posts by Jesusa Bernardo are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Philippines.

On the GPH-NDFP Peace Talks

Interview with Prof. Jose Maria Sison,  NDFP Chief Political Consultant

By Mynardo Macaraig
Reporter, Manila Bureau
Agence France Presse
11 February 2011

I am a reporter for the international news agency, Agence France Presse, Manila and we are doing a story on the impending peace talks between the Philippine government and the National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP).

As someone familiar with the operations of the NDFP, I hope you would answer some questions on the prospects of the negotiations.

Some of these questions are as follows:

1. Do you think the talks can succeed considering the recent spate of attacks by the New People’s Army (NPA) ?

JMS Reply: Please bear in mind that the armed conflict is two sided. The military, police and paramilitary forces of the Government of the Philippines (GPH) wage armed offensives against the New People´s Army (NPA) like the NPA does. There are peace negotiations precisely because there is a two-sided armed conflict going on. The peace negotiations can move forward and succeed if the The Hague Joint Declaration and subsequent agreements are reaffirmed and the two conflicting sides negotiate in order to address the roots of the armed conflict with basic social, economic and political reforms and thereby establish the basis for a just and lasting peace.

Luis Jalandoni (NDFP) & Alexamder Padilla (GPH) shake hands

 2. The government negotiating panel has put a three-year deadline for peace talks to succeed? Do you think that is realistic? Do you think the NDFP will demand an extension?

JMS Reply: In tactful terms, the GPH negotiating panel chairperson Alex Padilla has declared that best efforts be exerted by both sides to forge comprehensive agreements on the three remaining items in the substantive agenda and thus to make the over-all peace agreement within three years so that this can be implemented in earnest in the last three years of the Aquino regime. The GPH has not made any threatening deadline or ultimatum. I think that the three year estimate for making the comprehensive agreements is reasonable and realistic and may be even too long if the two sides are earnest in negotiating and making agreements along a patriotic and progressive line.

3. What will the NDFP ask for in the talks? Congressman Satur Ocampo has said that they will call for a complete reversal of Aquino’s economic policies. If this is true, won’t this virtually assure that the talks will reach a stalemate?

JMS Reply: The NDF asks for nothing from the GPH, except for what is just and beneficial to the Filipino people as a matter of national and democratic right. The two sides ought to agree on asserting and strengthening national independence, widening democracy by empowering the working people, carrying out economic development through land reform and national industrialization, promoting a patriotic, scientific and democratic culture and fostering international relations for peace and development.

The US-dictated policy of neoliberal globalization has brought about a severe crisis in the Philippines and entire world capítalist system. For his own good, Aquino should veer away from that policy as Satur Ocampo has suggested. He should also veer away from the policy of state terrorism and from the US Counterinsurgency Guide. If he is willing, the NDFP and the Filipino people can help him in overcoming the social and economic crisis through a patriotic and democratic alliance and truce.

4. Will the NPA ever agree to disarm even if the talks are successful? Will the NDFP negotiators walk out if the government calls for the disarming of the NPA?

JMS Reply: The end of hostilities and disposition of forces are the last item to be negotiated in the substantive agenda. This is not up for discussion in the forthcoming Oslo talks this February. The comprehensive agreement on social and economic reforms and that on political and constitutional reforms must first be made by the two sides and approved by their principals before any side can propose the disarming of the other side.

Alexander Padilla (GPH) RNG's Ture Lundh & Luis Jalandoni (NDFP)

 Even in the future when the comprehensive agreements are reached on social, economic, political and constitutional reforms but are not yet fully implemented, it is best for the two sides to opt for a truce rather than for one side to demand the disarming of the other side. At the moment, it is premature to talk about disarming any side in the ongoing armed conflict.



5. The government has said there will be no pre-conditions in the talks. But are there issues that the NDF considers non-negotiable, where they will stop the talks unless the government gives in to them?

JMS Reply: The NDF agrees with the GPH that there should be no preconditions to negotiations, But existing agreements require the joint or separate compliance by the negotiating parties. Both sides have agreed that formal talks of the negotiating panels can be resumed upon the validity and full effectivity of the Joint Agreement on Safety and Immunity Guarantees (JASIG).The GRP-NDFP negotiations have produced twelve (12) agreements since 1992. These must be respected, reaffirmed and complied with so that the peace negotiations can move forward.

6. How much is the NDF willing to concede to keep the talks alive? Will they call on the NPA to stop their attacks? Will they drop such previous demands like the de-listing from the US and EU ‘terror’ lists?

JMS Reply: I do not know exactly what you mean by asking what the NDFP is willing to concede to keep the talks alive. The GPH has not demanded that the NPA stop the revolutionary armed struggle or else stop the peace negotiations. Neither has the NDFP asked the AFP, PNP and CAFGU to stop their counterrevolutionary armed struggle. There are prior items to negotiate in the substantive agenda.

Regarding the terrorist blacklists of foreign governments, the NDFP continues to demand that the GPH withdraw its treasonous acts of having requested the US, EU and other foreign governments to put the CPP, NPA and myself in the so-called terrorist lists and stop arguing shamelessly that those foreign governments have the sovereign right to intervene in the internal affairs of the Filipino people.

7. Do you see the possibility of the public turning against the NDF if they are seen as being intransigent?

JMS Reply: The Filipino people will always fight for their national and democratic rights and build and support such revolutionary forces as the CPP, NPA and NDFP. It is the Aquino regime that will become totally isolated and detested by the people if it continues to serve the interests of foreign monopoly capitalists, the big compradors, landlords and bureaucrat capitalists. No amount of doleouts, palliatives and psywar can prettify a puppet, corrupt, brutal and mendacious regime. The people are already asking why Aquino has failed to deliver on his promise of holding the Arroyo clique accountable for corruption and human rights violations.

8. Critics say the NDFP is engaging in talks simply for publicity mileage and have no real desire to seek peace. They predict that once they get enough attention, the NDFP will find an excuse to call off the talks? Do you think that is true? Will the NDF use the talks for other purposes?

JMS Reply: Would such critics prefer that the NDFP withdraw from the peace negotiations? Would not the NPA also make publicity mileage by intensifying the armed struggle? I think that the NDFP is negotiating in good faith. It has devoted so many years of hard work in the peace negotiations and has gone so far as to propose to the GPH a concise agreement for an immediate just peace through alliance and truce in order to strengthen national independence and transform the agrarian economy to an indusrial one through land reform and national industrialization. Of course, if the Aquino regime spurns such a patriotic and progressive demand of the people, then the revolutionary forces of the people would be further motivated to wage armed revolution and gain further ground in the crisis-stricken Philippines.###

(Reprinted with permission from Mr. Joma Sison)

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Source:

Macaraig, Mynardo. "On the Impending GPH-NDFP Peace Talks (Interview with Jose Maria Sison). 11 February 2011. http://www.josemariasison.org/?p=6292#more-6292

Photo credit:

Mr. Joma Sison



Reposts are licensed to the respective authors. Otherwise, posts by Jesusa Bernardo are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Philippines.

Continuing Relevance of the Book 'Philippine Society & Revolution'*

By Prof. Jose Maria Sison
Chairperson
International League of Peoples’ Struggle

ON behalf of the global leadership and entirety of the International League of Peoples’ Struggle (ILPS), I wish to convey warmest greetings of solidarity to the League of Filipino Students (LFS) and the Nagkahiusang Kusog sa Estudyante (NKE).

We join you in celebrating the anniversary of the publication of Philippine Society and Revolution, the First Quarter Storm of 1970 and the Nationalist Youth Week in the University of the Philippines Cebu College.

We welcome and support your thematic call, “Ignite the flame of nationalism, learn to struggle and defend the rights of the youth and the people towards genuine freedom”. Your theme is in consonance with the spirit of the First Quarter Storm.

We thank the LFS and Nagkahiusang Kusog sa Estudyante (NKE) for inviting us to participate in the forum entitled LIPUNAN AT REBOLUSYONG PILIPINO: Revisiting the Past and Its Undying Struggle.

As the author with the nom de plume et de guerre of Amado Guerrero, I am honored and delighted that the forum seeks to elucidate the relevance of the book, Philippine Society and Revolution and its analysis to the current social conditions.

I am not in a position now to be one of the panelists via Skype because of previous commitments related to preparations for the resumption of formal talks in the GPH-NDFP peace negotiations.
 But I am glad that you give me the leeway to write to you a few thoughts.

The book is not only a historical document of great significance, having inspired and guided millions of youth and people in more than four decades of revolutionary struggle for national liberation and democracy against foreign monopoly capitalism, domestic feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism.

It is a book of continuing relevance because it sheds light on the persistent semicolonial and semifeudal character of Philippine society. It unfolds the contending revolutionary and counterrevolutionary classes and forces. It continues to give revolutionary direction to the revolutionary forces and people that persevere in the new democratic revolution with a socialist perspective.

The semicolonial and semifeudal conditions have not only persisted but they have become far worse, deeper and graver. We continue to confront and fight an ever rotting ruling system of big compradors and landlords servile to the imperialist powers, chiefly the US.

The Marcos fascist dictatorship and the series of post-Marcos pseudo-democratic regimes have all proven to be fundamentally the same. They ride roughshod over the people and they reek of the intolerable stink of puppetry, corruption, brutality and mendacity. They know no limits to exploiting and oppressing the Filipino people.

The new US-supported Aquino regime has not offered anything to satisfy the people’s demands for national liberation and democracy. It has failed to fulfill even its promise of holding its predecessor Arroyo regime to account for gross and systematic corruption and human rights violations. It has released from prison 400 military prisoners but has so far refused to release some 349 political prisoners who have sacrificed and contributed greatly to the struggle against the Arroyo regime.


The Aquino regime obviously relies on shallow gimmicky and on the manipulation of the bourgeois mass media and the poll surveys in order to conjure the illusion of popularity. It continues to toe the US line of neoliberal globalization. This has brought about the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, the worst forms of exploitation, high rate of unemployment, the soaring prices of basic commodities and the breakdown of social services.

The regime is carrying out the Oplan Bayanihan under the US Guide on Counterinsurgency and the US global policy of terror. The new oplan is a futile attempt at making state terrorism and US military intervention look acceptable and become effective against the revolutionary forces and the people through palliatives and psywar claims of good governance, delivery of services, economic development and security reform.

Nevertheless, through the peace negotiations between the reactionary government and the National Democratic Front of the Philippines, the revolutionary forces and people are challenging the Aquino regime to come to an alliance and truce in order to assert national independence, empower the people, carry out land reform and national industrialization, promote a patriotic, scientific and democratic culture and contribute to international solidarity and peace. Let us see how the Aquino regime reacts to the call for patriotism and progress.

There is the continuing necessity and urgency for the broad masses of the people, especially the toiling masses of workers and peasants and the middle social strata, to unite and fight for national and social liberation against US imperialism and the local exploiting classes. We all hunger for genuine national independence, democracy, social justice, development and peace.

As the class leadership of the working classes prevails in the people’s democratic revolution, the subsequent stage of socialist revolution becomes possible in order to make a radical rupture from all systematic forms of exploitation and oppression. Through revolutionary struggle, we take our destiny into our own hands and we can look forward to a bright future. ###


(Reposted with permission from Mr Joma Sison)

*Read/Download "Philippine Society & Revolution" here.

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Source:

Sison, Jose Maria. Continuing Relevance of the Book 'Philippine Society & Revolution.' 4 February 2011. (Message to the LFS and NKE in Cebu Forum on Philippine Society and Revolution on February 4, 2011).


Photo credits:

Jose Maria Sison

http://www.joma-sison.o-f.com/display.htm

http://bermudaradical.wordpress.com/2010/11/30/40-years-of-philippine-society-and-revolution/


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The Fi-Am War as RACIST War of Invasion

by Jesusa Bernardo

 

SA MGA hindi pa nakakaalam, the American invasion/annexation of the Philippines was a RACIST war. Ininsulto, niyurakan ang ating pagkabansa, kultura, pagkatao, kakayanan, at pati histura. Para ano? Para sa MERKADO ng hilaw at yari nang produkto.

Kapal ng propaganda. Mas sibilisado pa nga tayo sa kanilang Kalbong Agila sila dahil bago pa man dumating ang mga Kastila, pantay na ang katayuan ng babae at lalaki sa ating bayan.

Pre-Spanish Philippine/Taga-Ilog society gave women the right to engage in commerce, equal rights as men, equal inheritance, and also the right to rule. Compare that to the U.S. which gave their women the right to vote only in the early 1900s and which deprived widows of inheritance as late as the 1800s.

http://www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org/phil/herstory_wfs.pdf

Ang tunay na "barbaro," mabangis, at hindi sibilisado ay yung NAGKALAKAL ng TAO (slavery) at bumili/nagbenta ng isang buong arkipelago sampu nang mga naninirahan/may-ari nito (say, the immoral 1898 Treaty of Paris).

Hindi lamang yun. Nang pumalag ang mga Pilipinas/Taga-Ilog at naglunsad ng digmaan para sa ipaglabanan ang kalayaan, ang Estados Unidos ay gumamit ng umaatikabong panlilinlang, water cure torture, reconcentration camps, at iba pang barbarong paraan para magapi at mapasunod ang ating bayan.

 

 

"They referred to the Filipino as "niggers," "barbarians," and "savages," reflecting both the racist and imperialist attitudes of American society at large."
http://books.google.com/books?id=TXE73VWcsEEC&pg=PA9&dq=philippine-american+war+%22first+vietnam%22&hl=en&ei=FoBMTfaUNMjorAfgnYzZBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=They%20referred%20to%20the%20Filipino%20as%20%22niggers%2C&f=false

"But as early as April 1899, General Shafter gave grisly portent to the future conduct of the war: 'It may be necessary to kill half of the Filipinos in order that the remaining half of the population may be advanced to a higher plane of life than their present semi-barbarous state affords.'"
http://books.google.com/books?id=TXE73VWcsEEC&pg=PA9&dq=philippine-american+war+%22first+vietnam%22&hl=en&ei=FoBMTfaUNMjorAfgnYzZBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22It%20may%20be%20necessary%20to%20kill%20half%20&f=false

"They [Filipinos] are a barbarous race...The Filipino is the South Sea Malay, put through a process of three hundred years of superstition in religion...It is barely possible that 1,000 men in all the archipelago are capable of self-government in the Anglo-Saxon sense...and there are over 5,000,000 people to be governed" - Sen. Alfred J. Beveridge
http://books.google.com/books?id=TXE73VWcsEEC&pg=PA9&dq=philippine-american+war+%22first+vietnam%22&hl=en&ei=FoBMTfaUNMjorAfgnYzZBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=are%20a%20barbarous%20race&f=false

""Civilize Them with a Krag" was the song of the soldiers who came to impose American rule. The Philippine-American War caused an inordinate amount of diilocation, devastation, and suffering. Torture, massacres, and pillaging occurred. With its similarities to the Vietnam War, [it] is sometimes refereed to as the "first Vietnam."
http://books.google.com/books?id=Sp3U1oCNKlgC&pg=PA15&dq=philippine-american+war+%22first+vietnam%22&hl=en&ei=FoBMTfaUNMjorAfgnYzZBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Civilize%20Them%20with%20a%20Krag&f=false


Ang TUNAY na PAKAY? Imperyalismo, para sa kapitalismo. Ating likas na yaman lupa/tubig/mineral, atbp. at merkado ng yari nang mga produkto.

"No land in America surpasses in fertility the plains and valleys of Luzon. Rice and coffee, sugar and coconuts, hemp and tobacco, and many products of the temperate as well as the tropic zone grow in various sections of the archipelago....The wood of the Philippines can supply the furniture of the world for a century to come. At Cebu the best informed man in the island told me that 40 miles of Cebu's mountain chain are practically mountains of coal..." - Sen. Alfred J. Beveridge
http://books.google.com/books?id=TXE73VWcsEEC&pg=PA9&dq=philippine-american+war+%22first+vietnam%22&hl=en&ei=FoBMTfaUNMjorAfgnYzZBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=in%20fertility%20the%20plains%20and%20valleys%20of%20Luzon.&f=false


In fairness, may mga Amerikanong tumuligsa sa polisiyang imperyalista nina McKinley at Roosevelt na makikita nga sa "Anti-Imperialist League." Ang kaso, ang nanaig ay ang kasamaan/kasakimang pang-kapitalismo o kung anuman.

Idinagdag nga pala ni barbarong Sen. Beveridge na "the Philippines is ours forever." Kaya siguro hanggang ngayon ay tila hindi sila mawala-wala sa lupaing Taga-Ilog.

Ang hindi niya sinabi ay ang katotohanang kahit ang Ehipto at Roma ay bumagsak din. Ang rasistang at mamamatay-para-sa-merkado na Kalbong Agilang ay mukhang pabagsak na....

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Photo art: Jesusa Bernardo

Raw Photo Credit: http://paideia3.blogspot.com/2010/02/american-imperialism-and-brown.html

Reposts are licensed to the respective authors. Otherwise, posts by Jesusa Bernardo are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Philippines.